Mozambique, a former Portuguese colony from the latter half of the 19th century, gained independence in 1975 through movements led by the Liberation Front of Mozambique (FRELIMO) that mobilized in the 1960s. After independence, a civil war between FRELIMO, then in power, and the Mozambican National Resistance (RENAMO), an anti-government organization, continued. The war ended in 1992 with peace accords. The United Nations Operation in Mozambique (ONUMOZ) was established in 1992 to implement the ceasefire and disarmament, and to observe the elections as well as to provide humanitarian assistance.